Support and its Impact on the Lived Experiences of African Caribbean Nurses as Students and Practitioners in the British National Health Service (NHS)

Current participation by the children of immigrants in UK nursing education is very low. There are implications for culturally sensitive care delivery and the increasing demographic shift towards an ageing population. Those who arrived during the HMS Windrush period immediately after World War 2 are now beginning to use NHS services more frequently. This paper will provide insights into Black British African Caribbean nurses’ perceptions of support as students and clinical practitioners. It draws on original research, which explored factors, that impact on participation of British African Caribbean people in careers in nursing. The paper is specifically concerned with support which was one of four key findings from the research. UK policy requires that all services, including health services, should reflect the diversity of the communities they serve. This presents opportunities and challenges that need to be explored and addressed, as the UK grapples with increased nursing shortages and low retention rates of qualified staff. The British National Health Service (NHS) has benefited from major contributions of African Caribbean communities who were specifically invited and recruited to help to rebuild the economy and the infrastructure. There is some evidence that Children of the post Windrush era, who were born here, may choose not to participate in nursing as a career because of the experiences of discrimination suffered by their parents and grandparents in the NHS. This paper explores the views of British African Caribbean nursing participants as students and workers, in their own voices. It specifically highlights the role of support in their experiences and its direct impact on their decision making and success with regards to career choices in nursing. It will consider the role that bespoke support can play in enabling successful participation, career building and the implications for nursing education

Nutrient budgets on organic farms: a review of published

This report was presented at the UK Organic Research 2002 Conference. On organic farms it is important that a balance between inputs and outputs of nutrients is achieved. This paper collates nutrient budgets collated at the farm scale for 88 farms in 9 temperate countries. The majority of budgets were compiled for dairy farms (56). All the nitrogen budgets showed an N surplus (average 83 kg N ha-1 year-1). The phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) budgets showed both surpluses and deficits (average 3.4 kg P ha-1 year-1; 13.7 kg K ha-1 year-1). For all nutrients as nutrient inputs increased the surplus increased more significantly than the nutrient outputs. Overall, the data illustrate the diversity of management systems in place on organic farms, which consequently lead to significant variability in nutrient use efficiency and potential nutrient sustainability between farms. There are opportunities for almost all organic farmers to improve the efficiency of nutrient cycling on the farm and increase short-term productivity and long-term sustainability

A detective story: emphatics in Mehri

Until 1970, Ethio-Semitic was believed to be the only Semitic language sub-family in which the main correlate of “emphasis” is glottalization, a feature said at the time to be due to Cushitic influence. Since the work of T.M. Johnstone, however, it has been argued that glottalization is a South Semitic feature, attested not only in Ethio-Semitic, but also in the Modern South Arabian languages. Two statements in the literature on Modern South Arabian, however, suggested to us that the original evidence needed to be re-investigated: first, some of the “ejectives” are described as at least partially voiced, not a phonetic impossibility, but so far unheard of in the phonological system of any language; and secondly, the degree of glottalization is frequently described as dependent on the phonological environment, although details of the environment in which emphatics are always realized as ejectives are not given. In this paper, we consider acoustic data from Mahriyōt (a Mehri dialect spoken in the easternmost province of Yemen), we examine descriptions of emphatics in other dialects of Mehri and other Modern South Arabian languages, we look at phonological environments in which emphatics are realized as ejectives and those in which they are not, and we conclude that the file on emphasis in these languages needs to be re-opened to fresh judgement